MariaDB的安装

介绍

MariaDB 是一款开源关系数据库软件，基于MySQL的开源分支，兼容MySQL，且在多数测试中性能均强于 MySQL。

默认数据库引擎为 InnoDB，默认编码为现代的utf8mb4编码，相对旧MySQL残缺的UTF8编码支持字符范围更广。

其独创的 Aria 数据引擎应用于系统表中，解决了 MyISAM 的诸多性能问题。

测试环境

OS: Debian 10(64bit)

步骤

本安装教程仅适用于 Debian 系。

安装

apt install -y apt-transport-https
curl -sS https://downloads.mariadb.com/MariaDB/mariadb_repo_setup | bash
apt update
apt-get install -y mariadb-server

初始化

完成以上安装无误后，数据库服务器已经在端口 3306 启动。

为了保证数据库的安全并修改数据库的root密码，可以使用安装配置向导，按照以下步骤可以保证无遗漏。

在终端中执行 mysql_secure_installation，将显示如下内容，按问题键入对应选项的答案

NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
      SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE!  PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!

In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and
haven't set the root password yet, you should just press enter here.

Enter current password for root (enter for none): 

首次使用默认未设置 root 密码, 按回车跳过。

OK, successfully used password, moving on...

Setting the root password or using the unix_socket ensures that nobody
can log into the MariaDB root user without the proper authorisation.

You already have your root account protected, so you can safely answer 'n'.

Switch to unix_socket authentication [Y/n] n

Enabled successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
 ... Success!
Change the root password? [Y/n] y

提问是否需要修改 root 密码，需要修改。

By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them.  This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother.  You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y

是否删除匿名用户，选择是。

 ... Success!

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'.  This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y

禁止远程登录，选择是。

 ... Success!

By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access.  This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y

删除默认的测试库，如果没有使用可以移除。

Dropping test database...
... Success!

Removing privileges on test database...
... Success!

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y

重新加载权限表使设置生效，选择是。等效于 FLUSH privileges。

... Success!

Cleaning up...

All done!  If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.

Thanks for using MariaDB!

至此, 安装结束.

使用

在终端中执行 mysql -uroot -pPASSWORD，以通过控制台管理数据库。