使用 Rclone 实现自动化备份, 安装和配置过程记录

Rclone 能够添加多种网盘或S3兼容的Bucket，是非企业级的个人用户快速备份的优秀选择之一。

个人通过添加多个Onedrive网盘实现服务器的数据备份。

准备

将基于如下所列出信息，在该环境进行后续的部署。

       _,met$$$$$gg.          root@debian 
    ,g$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$P.       ------------------- 
  ,g$$P"     """Y$$.".        OS: Debian GNU/Linux 11 (bullseye) x86_64 
 ,$$P'              `$$$.     Host: CVM 3.0 
',$$P       ,ggs.     `$$b:   Kernel: 5.10.141
`d$$'     ,$P"'   .    $$$    Uptime: 1 hour, 11 mins 
 $$P      d$'     ,    $$P    Packages: 688 (dpkg) 
 $$:      $$.   -    ,d$$'    Shell: bash 5.1.4 
 $$;      Y$b._   _,d$P'      Terminal: /dev/pts/0 
 Y$$.    `.`"Y$$$$P"'         CPU: AMD EPYC 7K62 (1) @ 2.595GHz 
 `$$b      "-.__              GPU: 00:02.0 Cirrus Logic GD 5446 
  `Y$$                        Memory: 778MiB / 1732MiB

安装

一般情况下Linux系统应可以使用安装脚本，但是国内网络环境下由于网络问题，安装脚本难以正常运行和下载，所以建议更换其他安装方式。

1 2	`# 使用安装脚本安装 sudo -v ; curl https://rclone.org/install.sh \| sudo bash`

此处下载适用于 Debian 系的 Rclone 的 deb 安装包，由前文网络环境条件影响，可以自行通过代理再进行下载。

1	`wget https://downloads.rclone.org/v1.62.2/rclone-v1.62.2-linux-amd64.deb`

使用 dpkg 进行安装，执行下列指令。

1	`dpkg -i rclone-v1.62.2-linux-amd64.deb`

运行日志：

Reading database ... 81673 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack rclone-v1.62.2-linux-amd64.deb ...
Unpacking rclone (1.62.2) ...
Setting up rclone (1.62.2) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.4-2) ...

当完成以上步骤时，安装即完成。

配置

输入rclone config，开始配置rclone。

No remotes found, make a new one?
n) New remote
s) Set configuration password
q) Quit config
n/s/q>

输入n，新建新的远端服务器，再输入要新建的配置名称。

1 2	`Enter name for new remote. name>`

此处根据所需要的存储类型进行配置，示例 31 onedrive。

Option Storage.
Type of storage to configure.
Choose a number from below, or type in your own value.

31 / Microsoft OneDrive
   \ (onedrive)
Storage> 31

后续client_id和client_secret留空，直接回车跳过即可。

Option client_id.
OAuth Client Id.
Leave blank normally.
Enter a value. Press Enter to leave empty.
client_id> 

Option client_secret.
OAuth Client Secret.
Leave blank normally.
Enter a value. Press Enter to leave empty.
client_secret> 

Option region.
Choose national cloud region for OneDrive.
Choose a number from below, or type in your own string value.
Press Enter for the default (global).

提示是否编辑高级设置，默认不修改，按回车跳过。询问是否通过浏览器登录认证，无GUI的系统环境下应输入N。

Edit advanced config?
y) Yes
n) No (default)
y/n> n

Use web browser to automatically authenticate rclone with remote?
 * Say Y if the machine running rclone has a web browser you can use
 * Say N if running rclone on a (remote) machine without web browser access
If not sure try Y. If Y failed, try N.

y) Yes (default)
n) No
y/n> n

在具有浏览器环境下的系统使用rclone authorize "onedrive"，再返回此处填写通过浏览器认证后的token

Option config_token.
For this to work, you will need rclone available on a machine that has
a web browser available.
For more help and alternate methods see: https://rclone.org/remote_setup/
Execute the following on the machine with the web browser (same rclone
version recommended):
	rclone authorize "onedrive"
Then paste the result.
Enter a value.

填写配置类型，一般情况下默认即可。

Option config_type.
Type of connection
Choose a number from below, or type in an existing string value.
Press Enter for the default (onedrive).
 1 / OneDrive Personal or Business
   \ (onedrive)
 2 / Root Sharepoint site
   \ (sharepoint)
   / Sharepoint site name or URL
 3 | E.g. mysite or https://contoso.sharepoint.com/sites/mysite
   \ (url)
 4 / Search for a Sharepoint site
   \ (search)
 5 / Type in driveID (advanced)
   \ (driveid)
 6 / Type in SiteID (advanced)
   \ (siteid)
   / Sharepoint server-relative path (advanced)
 7 | E.g. /teams/hr
   \ (path)
config_type> 1

填写ID，默认即可。

Option config_driveid.
Select drive you want to use
Choose a number from below, or type in your own string value.
Press Enter for the default.

持续确认直到回到rclone config页面，Rclone的配置即完成。

Drive OK?

Found drive "root" of type "business"
URL: 

y) Yes (default)
n) No
y/n> y

Configuration complete.

Keep this "onedrive" remote?
y) Yes this is OK (default)
e) Edit this remote
d) Delete this remote
y/e/d> y